The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Foeniculum Vulgare (Fennel/Saunf) on Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid (BALF) in Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic (OVA) Airway Inflammation in a Mouse Model

Abstract

Objective: This study evaluates the anti-inflammatory effect of Foeniculum vulgare methanolic extract (FME) of two different doses on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway inflammation mouse model.

Methodology: BALB/c female mice were divided into five groups (n=8): Normal control, disease control (OVA-sensitised), FME-treated (200 mg/kg), FME-treated (300 mg/kg), and standard dexamethasone-treated. Sensitization was done using intraperitoneal OVA and aluminium hydroxide followed by intranasal OVA challenge. Then, FME was administered orally for 7 days. Afterwards, BALF was collected, and analysis was carried out for total leukocyte count (TLC) and total differential leukocyte count (DLC).

Results: FME significantly reduced TLC and eosinophils when compared to the disease group (p<0.001). Similarly, lymphocytes and neutrophils were also notably reduced (p<0.01).

Conclusion: FME demonstrates anti-inflammatory activity, comparable to dexamethasone, in OVA-induced allergic airway inflammation and suggests a potential natural remedy for asthma management.

Keywords: Asthma, Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid, Foeniculum vulgare, Inflammation, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Phytotherapy.